Araucania dye plants
BY JOSEPH H. Claude
Since ancient times the Araucanian know ". Extract from vegetable dyes to dye their precious fabrics. At the request of Dr. Don Carlos Porter, active and Director of the" Eevista "give some information about the species still used good old weavers. It would be difficult to list all dye plants known to the Araucanian. The weavers have been numerous trials with various plants growing in soil and have gained valuable data on their properties.
The observation of the natural color of wood, bark, leaves, flowers fruits and guide the choice of the most rich in coloring principles. crumble into small chips woody plants, the submerged in water and subjected to prolonged boiling. By means of boiling water favor the spread of the pigments and concentrated with repeated additions of plant fragments in place of those who are exhausted. By prolonged boiling or less able to transmit to the wool also observed colors. If the inks do not combine directly with wool fibers, used as mordant putrid urine and certain plants such as Oxalis and Ourisia. Alum currently used frequently.
MIKB Nothofagus obliqua. (Fagaceae}.
is a very common tree in Araucanía, which is called "Hualle" when young, "Coyan" when old. The tree is also known with the name "pellín" although the latter more properly refers to the central wood reddish. This wood admirably resists moisture and is used in many works, is extracted from a red coloring matter up. Shredded wood chips are subjected to boiling water and wine-making dye. Exhausted chips are replaced by other fresh and diffusion of the dye concentration increases the ink. Boiled wool in this for a quarter of an hour acquires and retains the red color indefinitely.
subjected to boiling bark produces another tintade crimson pink. By blending fragments of cor-tex and pellín in varying proportions, weavers prepare a series of high-impact shades in between 'n tissues. '
Relbwnium Hipocarpium Hemsl. (Rubiaceae).
This small herbaceous plant, somewhat rough, has a fibrous root red. It grows in the forests of the south, in the midst of the bushes between the branches increases and supports its weak stems. The Araucanian the known with the name "relbun" and cherish the beautiful ink take from it. Fine roots, highly branched, contain an abundance of the first dye. Extraehaciéndolas be boiled for two hours. The Mapuche are often added to the ink 'Culle' (Oxalis rosea) and alum as a mordant to fix on the red wool.
Berberis congestiflora, GAY; Berb Darwini, HOOK.; Berb. heterophyHa, Juss. (Berberidáceas). All these plants and their congeners known vulnerability garment with the name "michay" are small ar-busts whose leaves are accompanied by spines on the ba-be, whose flowers are yellow. In Araucanía species are numerous and well scattered throughout the territory. Most are used for dyeing. The roots contain the coloring ma-teria more abundant than the stem and branches. Flows from them to cut a yellow liquid that stains the hands and the role cold. The Araucanian remove the green skin and keep only the yellow wood, make the crumble and boil for one hour. Concentration obtained of the pigments for the renewal of the wood particles and the evaporation of excess water. The wool dipped in the dye and boil for ten minutes saves a beautiful golden yellow color. By blending fragments of bark and leaves with another ink prepared wood fibers a bright green. Rumex
romassa, REMY. (Polygonaceae)
The Roma in the south, so common along the roads, has a thick fleshy rhizome which the Araucanian removed an orange. To promote dissemination of the coloring matter, cut the fleshy part into thin slices and subjected to boiling. Boiled wool in the ink for a quarter of an hour out of it stained "Smell it. The leaves and stems covered in the above manner gives rise to a violation of a dirty gray color.
Fachsia macrostenuua RP (Onagrariáceas).
This beautiful shrub foliage and beautiful flowers hanging grows abundantly in the streams of Araucanía. The natives call it "chilco" and appreciate by light gray SUSD a boil that lasts less than two hours and which are careful to renew the boiled particles. This ink is set very well on wool without deterioration of color.
Aristotelia machinery L'Her. (Tiliaceae). Araucanía
common shrub and highly useful for the Indians. They call this "machinery" and take him several important products including a famous chicha, welcome drink, and two colors for their weaving.
With mature fruit so heavily stained hands and lips of fans are preparing a purplish coloring matter. Cañete weavers and fix it by boiling Lanalhue in wool ponchos and get beautiful and choapinos with bands and pictures violated. With leaves, branches and other dregs of Molejón prepare a greenish black color. They boil the mixture for a day or two, adding new numbers during the operation leaving their first dye to the solvent and increase in concentration. Utilis Duryillea
BOKY-(Algae)
The Budi Araucanian lake and coastal char the "seaweed" large edible seaweed, pulverize it and make it boil with water to dye wool a deep black. Fermented urine serves as mor-dente. This same ink have served in the past to write. It is similar to China ink and paper erases easily.
Gunnera chilensis Lam. - (Halorágeas)
The "nalcas" giant leaves herbaceous plants, as common as robust in the marshlands of southern roots produced in a coloring matter with which the Mapuche prepare a strip of color lead. For two hours make thin slices boiled and obtain the desired concentration. The wool treated by the ink takes a strong lead slate. This plant is widely used for dyeing, by the beautiful effects produced in the tissues.
Sternberghinus Loranthus L. and L heterphyllus RP - (Lorantáceas)
The plants are small parasitic Loranthus known under the name "quintral" for rural people. With the flowers of southern species are bright red, the Indians are preparing a brick-colored ink. They boil a lot of flowers for one to two hours. Yield by boiling water and left her debut soon colorless dye. Replace them by other fresh as often as necessary. The wool subjected to boiling in the ink for ten minutes, is stained brick red. Cordifolia Eucryphia
CAY - (Eucrifiáceas)
The 'glanders' or 'elm' tall tree and stately stands out perfectly in the middle of the jungles of the south by the glass cover in summer, beautiful and large white flowers. With its crumbly crust, the Araucanian prepare an ocher color ink or copper. Tissues stained with the ink, under the old procedures, acquire various light shades. Aromatic Laurelia
SPR .- (Monimiáceas)
The "tihu" of Arauca reaches up to 20 meters. It is an elegant tree, evergreen, very aromatic, that removes an excellent wood white. The Arauca is used in infusions against venereal diseases and paralysis and also to prepare an ink with light brown bark. Obtained by boiling the ink and it also fixed on the wool, which becomes very soft tones. GAY fragrans
Boldoa .- (Monimiáceas)
This aromatic tree, so common in the hillsides of south Indian serves to develop a tawny color ink. Use wood, bark and leaves in preparation. The weavers used to fix the fermented urine on their tissues, thus achieving a 20-minute boil.
Lomatia, obliqua R. BR .- (Proteaceae)
The radal is a tree 5 to 8 feet high, with bark and large leathery leaves ferruginous. The bark contains a coloring principle used to prepare a dark brown ink, which is set very well boil over wool fibers, and produces, depending on their concentration, similar shades to black.
Neks Persea lingue. - (Lauraceae)
•
The lingual is a southern tree, reaching up to 10 meters. Provides excellent wood and bark is rich in tannin. By boiling gives rise to an abundant brownish ink. The leaves and boiled green branches produce a viscous liquid greenish appearance. Solanum
gayanum REMY. - (Solanaceae)
The "yelfcun" of indigenous Laurelia mixed with aromatic leaves used to prepare a light greenish color ink. Prolonged boiling of the leaves macerated for more than three hours. The wool treated by this ink is faintly tinted green. Drimys
WINTERI F ORST. - (Magnoliaceae)
The cinnamon tree, sacred tree of the Araucanian, is used by the natives of Quitratue to prepare a green color ink, boiling for several hours. Added to the ink alum as a mordant. Are served by an infusion of cinnamon for brightening the two faded fabric. .
Nothofagus dombeyi BRIM. - (Fagaceae),
Del coigüe, very big tree in the jungles of the south, preparing a dirty yellowish color ink and fixed on the wool with the methods already mentioned.
Eugenia multiflora Hook. - (Myrtaceae)
The pitra tree that grows mainly in swamps, is employed by the weavers of Maquehua for the development of an ocher-colored ink. Subjected to prolonged boiling wood chips and dip in ink and dye wool. This soon becomes a soft tone of great firmness. Coriaria
ruscifolia Feuillée. - (Coriaria)
The "Deu" or "Huique" is a poisonous shrub that grows along roadsides and rivers, their flexible stems are bent as garlands and end of a long inflorescence loaded with small flowers and blue fruits. With stalks boiled in water to prepare a black ink Araucanian used for dyeing wool and tanning hides.
Muhlenbeckia thamnifolia Meisner. - (Poligonácsas)
The "Pelai ', which grows on the banks of the forest and on. Fences of the fields also has dyeing properties appreciated. Its branches are shredded by boiling a yellowish-brown ink. Its preparation requires a full day of work before obtaining suitable concentration of the pigments.
Chiropetalum lauceolatum Juss. - (Euphorbiaceae)
These plants somewhat woody, purplish appearance, give a beautiful blue color like indigo. They are used by the Araucanian Canete and cuts further north, to dye blue. Indigenous South apparently did not know this plant and bought the color indigo or blue to Cañete and Penco.
Plagiobothrys tinctorea PC - (Borragináceas)
This little plant that grows in the north of the Arau-cani, seems to have been used for the weaving mills to dye blue lilac violated. Fade naturally over the role when the Prensa for botanical collections and marks strongly. Florida Usnea strigosa
ACH. - (Lichens)
Many species of lichens are used by Araujo-ed (sic) to dye. Among the major must include the wooden Usnea beard calls that produced by boiling beautiful colors. Usnea strigosa gives an ink which communicates with the wool treated by her golden-blond tones well blended. Ramalina
yemensis ACH. - (Lichens)
This species given by prolonged boiling ink resulting in vivid yellow, a gray wool, in shades that mimic the Sienna.
Telocchystes fiavicans Sv - (Lichens)
With this kind of weaving of the ridge high school ran an olive green ink nuanced. By mixing different species of lichens are the Araucanian to-die intermediate colors of a virtually unlimited.
To this list of species used by the Araucanian dye, could no doubt add many other species. When crossing the Indian and the question cuts to the weavers by the plants they use to color a. wool shows that the species differ from one another reduction, very often a knitter to another. The species identified in this study start yet, but their use tends to disappear. Secondary Text
BY JOSEPH H. Claude
Since ancient times the Araucanian know ". Extract from vegetable dyes to dye their precious fabrics. At the request of Dr. Don Carlos Porter, active and Director of the" Eevista "give some information about the species still used good old weavers. It would be difficult to list all dye plants known to the Araucanian. The weavers have been numerous trials with various plants growing in soil and have gained valuable data on their properties.
The observation of the natural color of wood, bark, leaves, flowers fruits and guide the choice of the most rich in coloring principles. crumble into small chips woody plants, the submerged in water and subjected to prolonged boiling. By means of boiling water favor the spread of the pigments and concentrated with repeated additions of plant fragments in place of those who are exhausted. By prolonged boiling or less able to transmit to the wool also observed colors. If the inks do not combine directly with wool fibers, used as mordant putrid urine and certain plants such as Oxalis and Ourisia. Alum currently used frequently.
MIKB Nothofagus obliqua. (Fagaceae}.
is a very common tree in Araucanía, which is called "Hualle" when young, "Coyan" when old. The tree is also known with the name "pellín" although the latter more properly refers to the central wood reddish. This wood admirably resists moisture and is used in many works, is extracted from a red coloring matter up. Shredded wood chips are subjected to boiling water and wine-making dye. Exhausted chips are replaced by other fresh and diffusion of the dye concentration increases the ink. Boiled wool in this for a quarter of an hour acquires and retains the red color indefinitely.
subjected to boiling bark produces another tintade crimson pink. By blending fragments of cor-tex and pellín in varying proportions, weavers prepare a series of high-impact shades in between 'n tissues. '
Relbwnium Hipocarpium Hemsl. (Rubiaceae).
This small herbaceous plant, somewhat rough, has a fibrous root red. It grows in the forests of the south, in the midst of the bushes between the branches increases and supports its weak stems. The Araucanian the known with the name "relbun" and cherish the beautiful ink take from it. Fine roots, highly branched, contain an abundance of the first dye. Extraehaciéndolas be boiled for two hours. The Mapuche are often added to the ink 'Culle' (Oxalis rosea) and alum as a mordant to fix on the red wool.
Berberis congestiflora, GAY; Berb Darwini, HOOK.; Berb. heterophyHa, Juss. (Berberidáceas). All these plants and their congeners known vulnerability garment with the name "michay" are small ar-busts whose leaves are accompanied by spines on the ba-be, whose flowers are yellow. In Araucanía species are numerous and well scattered throughout the territory. Most are used for dyeing. The roots contain the coloring ma-teria more abundant than the stem and branches. Flows from them to cut a yellow liquid that stains the hands and the role cold. The Araucanian remove the green skin and keep only the yellow wood, make the crumble and boil for one hour. Concentration obtained of the pigments for the renewal of the wood particles and the evaporation of excess water. The wool dipped in the dye and boil for ten minutes saves a beautiful golden yellow color. By blending fragments of bark and leaves with another ink prepared wood fibers a bright green. Rumex
romassa, REMY. (Polygonaceae)
The Roma in the south, so common along the roads, has a thick fleshy rhizome which the Araucanian removed an orange. To promote dissemination of the coloring matter, cut the fleshy part into thin slices and subjected to boiling. Boiled wool in the ink for a quarter of an hour out of it stained "Smell it. The leaves and stems covered in the above manner gives rise to a violation of a dirty gray color.
Fachsia macrostenuua RP (Onagrariáceas).
This beautiful shrub foliage and beautiful flowers hanging grows abundantly in the streams of Araucanía. The natives call it "chilco" and appreciate by light gray SUSD a boil that lasts less than two hours and which are careful to renew the boiled particles. This ink is set very well on wool without deterioration of color.
Aristotelia machinery L'Her. (Tiliaceae). Araucanía
common shrub and highly useful for the Indians. They call this "machinery" and take him several important products including a famous chicha, welcome drink, and two colors for their weaving.
With mature fruit so heavily stained hands and lips of fans are preparing a purplish coloring matter. Cañete weavers and fix it by boiling Lanalhue in wool ponchos and get beautiful and choapinos with bands and pictures violated. With leaves, branches and other dregs of Molejón prepare a greenish black color. They boil the mixture for a day or two, adding new numbers during the operation leaving their first dye to the solvent and increase in concentration. Utilis Duryillea
BOKY-(Algae)
The Budi Araucanian lake and coastal char the "seaweed" large edible seaweed, pulverize it and make it boil with water to dye wool a deep black. Fermented urine serves as mor-dente. This same ink have served in the past to write. It is similar to China ink and paper erases easily.
Gunnera chilensis Lam. - (Halorágeas)
The "nalcas" giant leaves herbaceous plants, as common as robust in the marshlands of southern roots produced in a coloring matter with which the Mapuche prepare a strip of color lead. For two hours make thin slices boiled and obtain the desired concentration. The wool treated by the ink takes a strong lead slate. This plant is widely used for dyeing, by the beautiful effects produced in the tissues.
Sternberghinus Loranthus L. and L heterphyllus RP - (Lorantáceas)
The plants are small parasitic Loranthus known under the name "quintral" for rural people. With the flowers of southern species are bright red, the Indians are preparing a brick-colored ink. They boil a lot of flowers for one to two hours. Yield by boiling water and left her debut soon colorless dye. Replace them by other fresh as often as necessary. The wool subjected to boiling in the ink for ten minutes, is stained brick red. Cordifolia Eucryphia
CAY - (Eucrifiáceas)
The 'glanders' or 'elm' tall tree and stately stands out perfectly in the middle of the jungles of the south by the glass cover in summer, beautiful and large white flowers. With its crumbly crust, the Araucanian prepare an ocher color ink or copper. Tissues stained with the ink, under the old procedures, acquire various light shades. Aromatic Laurelia
SPR .- (Monimiáceas)
The "tihu" of Arauca reaches up to 20 meters. It is an elegant tree, evergreen, very aromatic, that removes an excellent wood white. The Arauca is used in infusions against venereal diseases and paralysis and also to prepare an ink with light brown bark. Obtained by boiling the ink and it also fixed on the wool, which becomes very soft tones. GAY fragrans
Boldoa .- (Monimiáceas)
This aromatic tree, so common in the hillsides of south Indian serves to develop a tawny color ink. Use wood, bark and leaves in preparation. The weavers used to fix the fermented urine on their tissues, thus achieving a 20-minute boil.
Lomatia, obliqua R. BR .- (Proteaceae)
The radal is a tree 5 to 8 feet high, with bark and large leathery leaves ferruginous. The bark contains a coloring principle used to prepare a dark brown ink, which is set very well boil over wool fibers, and produces, depending on their concentration, similar shades to black.
Neks Persea lingue. - (Lauraceae)
•
The lingual is a southern tree, reaching up to 10 meters. Provides excellent wood and bark is rich in tannin. By boiling gives rise to an abundant brownish ink. The leaves and boiled green branches produce a viscous liquid greenish appearance. Solanum
gayanum REMY. - (Solanaceae)
The "yelfcun" of indigenous Laurelia mixed with aromatic leaves used to prepare a light greenish color ink. Prolonged boiling of the leaves macerated for more than three hours. The wool treated by this ink is faintly tinted green. Drimys
WINTERI F ORST. - (Magnoliaceae)
The cinnamon tree, sacred tree of the Araucanian, is used by the natives of Quitratue to prepare a green color ink, boiling for several hours. Added to the ink alum as a mordant. Are served by an infusion of cinnamon for brightening the two faded fabric. .
Nothofagus dombeyi BRIM. - (Fagaceae),
Del coigüe, very big tree in the jungles of the south, preparing a dirty yellowish color ink and fixed on the wool with the methods already mentioned.
Eugenia multiflora Hook. - (Myrtaceae)
The pitra tree that grows mainly in swamps, is employed by the weavers of Maquehua for the development of an ocher-colored ink. Subjected to prolonged boiling wood chips and dip in ink and dye wool. This soon becomes a soft tone of great firmness. Coriaria
ruscifolia Feuillée. - (Coriaria)
The "Deu" or "Huique" is a poisonous shrub that grows along roadsides and rivers, their flexible stems are bent as garlands and end of a long inflorescence loaded with small flowers and blue fruits. With stalks boiled in water to prepare a black ink Araucanian used for dyeing wool and tanning hides.
Muhlenbeckia thamnifolia Meisner. - (Poligonácsas)
The "Pelai ', which grows on the banks of the forest and on. Fences of the fields also has dyeing properties appreciated. Its branches are shredded by boiling a yellowish-brown ink. Its preparation requires a full day of work before obtaining suitable concentration of the pigments.
Chiropetalum lauceolatum Juss. - (Euphorbiaceae)
These plants somewhat woody, purplish appearance, give a beautiful blue color like indigo. They are used by the Araucanian Canete and cuts further north, to dye blue. Indigenous South apparently did not know this plant and bought the color indigo or blue to Cañete and Penco.
Plagiobothrys tinctorea PC - (Borragináceas)
This little plant that grows in the north of the Arau-cani, seems to have been used for the weaving mills to dye blue lilac violated. Fade naturally over the role when the Prensa for botanical collections and marks strongly. Florida Usnea strigosa
ACH. - (Lichens)
Many species of lichens are used by Araujo-ed (sic) to dye. Among the major must include the wooden Usnea beard calls that produced by boiling beautiful colors. Usnea strigosa gives an ink which communicates with the wool treated by her golden-blond tones well blended. Ramalina
yemensis ACH. - (Lichens)
This species given by prolonged boiling ink resulting in vivid yellow, a gray wool, in shades that mimic the Sienna.
Telocchystes fiavicans Sv - (Lichens)
With this kind of weaving of the ridge high school ran an olive green ink nuanced. By mixing different species of lichens are the Araucanian to-die intermediate colors of a virtually unlimited.
To this list of species used by the Araucanian dye, could no doubt add many other species. When crossing the Indian and the question cuts to the weavers by the plants they use to color a. wool shows that the species differ from one another reduction, very often a knitter to another. The species identified in this study start yet, but their use tends to disappear. Secondary Text
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