edible products include wild food products are consumed directly or simple process. While most of them are fruits and seeds, this group also includes fungi, roots and other wild greens.
Many of these products have very limited geographic distributions, are difficult to collect or have a low output, so little known outside the rural area and are only sold in local markets on time.
Although not the subject of this study collect the many species with traditional use registration, include those marketed fruits of species with conservation problems, such as keule (Gomortega keule), the lleuques (Prumnopitys andina), the fruits of plant species climbers and epiphytes as cóguil (Lardizabala biternata) copihue Mount or cucumber (Lapaegeria rosea), the coicopihue (Phillesia magellanica) and chupalla (Fascicularia bicolor).
There are numerous species of mushrooms, vegetables or tubers of wild-collected traditionally by indigenous communities for their own consumption as the Cullen leaves yellow (Oxalis valdiviensis) and tubers of amancay (
Alstroemeria aurea). Muñoz et al. (1980), Aldunate and Villagrán (1991), Smith-Ramirez (1995) and Rapoport et al. (1999 and 2003) have made excellent collections of traditional food plants.
There is a diverse range of tree species producing edible fruits that are rarely traded, because their rapid perishability or its particular characteristics of aroma, flavor or texture. These are consumed by the gatherers, directly or traditional fermented beverages. This group includes some genera with large numbers of fish species in many forest types such as grills or currant (Ribes sp), the michay (Berberis sp) or Chaura (Gaultheria sp. Pernettya sp.). Also included are some Myrtaceae species with edible fruits similar to those cauchao of the luma (luma Ammomyrtus) or myrtle (Luma apiculata), and species of wide geographical distribution and Boldo (Peumus boldus) chilco (Fuchsia magellanica) or Magellan strawberry (Rubus magellanica).
Some locally abundant fruits like wild strawberry (Fragaria chiloense), the machinery (chilensis), nipple (Greigia sphacelata) or Calafate (Berberis buxifolia), are sold in local and even regional markets for short periods of the year , reaching some relevance at the local level.
They join some fungi such as crackling field (Gyromitra antartica), pique (Armillaria mellea) and Loyola (Boletus loyo), among many others. While processing systems have been developed that allow traditional long-term preservation (drying, jams, liqueurs, etc.), Its presence in the market is usually fresh, so its radio marketing is still very limited.
Some fruits and seeds of wild origin have come to develop national markets, and its sale and use a deep-rooted traditional practice in the markets, fairs and supermarkets in major Chilean cities. Their value lies both in its ease of transport and storage, as in the particular characteristics of aroma and flavor that make them highly attractive for the consumer
urban, especially families from the south. Many of these products are only available for short periods of the year, as is the case of fruits like murtilla (Ugni molinae), vegetables like stems nalca (Gunnera chilensis) and fungi such as' digüeñes (Cyttaria sp.), The changle or Chandi (clavario sp) or gargal (Grifota gargal). In other cases increased during most of the year, as the pinion of Araucaria (Araucaria araucana), roasted hazelnuts (G. avellana) above or some fruit preserved in the form of jams and liqueurs.
A very small number of edible species has been inserted into international markets. We found export references to murtilla (Ugni molinae) and Morchella conica, a fungus highly valued in European markets, but little known in the domestic market. Although there are no records of export, has been detected a growing interest in hazelnut (G. avellana) and dried fruit.
To illustrate more effectively the wide range of products alimentito you must group them in relation to the body used. We also must consider that this item only mention those most known and consumed products, fruits
woody species can be found widely distributed and abundant that, despite being routinely collected by residents of rural areas, rarely are sold because of their rapid perishability or its particular characteristics of aroma, flavor and texture, being consumed by the pickers directly and Chicha traditional fermented, or jams. While processing systems have been developed that allow traditional long-term preservation (drying, jams, liqueurs, etc.), Its presence in the market is usually cool, so its radio marketing is still very limited. This is the case of locally abundant fruits that are sold in local and even regional markets for short periods of the year, reaching some relevance at the local level, such as:
tree species with edible fruits, such as the
Cauchao luma (luma Ammomyrtus, Meli (Ammomyrtus meli), Myrtle (Luma apiculata), Boldo (Peumus boldus)., Lleuques (Prumnopitys andina)
Patagua de valdivia (Myrceugenia planipes), among others
abundant shrub species as
Maqui (chilensis), or mulmul currants (Ribes punctatum), Magellan Grill (Ribes magallanicum), Mutilla or Murtilla (Ugni molinae), Sucker (Greigia sphacelata), Calafate (Berberis buxifolia),
Michay (Berberis sp), Chilco (Fuchsia magellanica), among others.
common herbaceous species in the forest floor, as
Wild Strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis), Magellan Strawberry (Rubus magellanica), among others.
Some of these species have to develop domestic markets, so its sale and consumption is a deeply rooted traditional practice in the markets, fairs and supermarkets in major Chilean cities. Their value lies both in its ease of transport and storage, as in the particular characteristics of aroma and flavor that make them highly desirable for urban consumers, especially families from the south.
Edible seeds
Avellana, guevín, nefuén, gevuin, G. avellana Mol.
The seeds of 8 mm in diameter, are oily and natural, roasted or boiled are edible. Crushed can be used to prepare a coffee substitute with identical properties to that of malt (barley) and can be recommended for nervous people
Coquito palm, palm Chilean Jubaea chilensis (Mol.) Baillon
Its fruit, nutsedge is a relatively small seed compared to coconuts from other species, is about 3 to 4 cm in diameter, very oily and excellent flavor. Is used only eating it in baked goods and agregándosele the process of honey production of the same tree. Araucaria
, pehuén or pine, Araucaria araucana (Mol.) K. Koch
The sprocket (also known as the pine nuts) has an application and is one of the main food of Mapuche people, in their forms of use can be observed that can be eaten, baked, roasted, raw, dry flour, bread, coffee, to name some forms of consumption.
Fungi exist in Chile a variety of edible mushrooms that grow wild. Some of them originating in Chile and several introduced, which have a wide geographical radius around the world.
in Chile has been an important source of supplemental income for farmers and smallholders and their families who are interested in participating in mushroom gathering on land in third. The products obtained the market in local markets or sell to larger companies which dehydrate and sold in domestic and foreign markets. Additionally, as part of their own diets.
- Auricularia auriculajudae . Very popular in the international market is trading at about U.S. $ 20/kg dry is used especially in Japanese and Chinese food.
- Auricularia polytricha . Edible fungus has been incubated in the tepa and other species in southern Chile, has the disadvantage that causes rapid decay of the wood, which should be considered in the case of an intensive, because to their cost - benefit (cost of wood substrate).
- Chicharrón , Gyromitra antarctica. Ascomycete fungus, much appreciated in the international market, reaching values \u200b\u200bof U.S. $ 50/kg dry, also has functions mycorrhizae. It is found in the Constitution to Renaico, especially in Collipulli.
- Pique , Morchella conica. Very popular in Chile and abroad for its taste as well as their pharmacological properties. It has not been industrialized, but there are alternatives semiindustrialización. Grows as mycorrhizae in native forests, is small in size, up to 5 cm in height. In Europe, especially Italy prices reached U.S. $ 50 - 80/kg dry.
- Changle , Ramaria subaurantiaca. Hongo typical Stonehouse area is used locally to make pies changle. It is a very nice flavor to eat cooked alone.
- Dihueñe , Cyttaria espinosae. Oak parasitic fungus, widely consumed in salads, in rural areas. They were sold in markets in the cities of the south central area. Its flavor is somewhat bland, but with different seasonings to the liking of many people.
- Callampa pine, Suillus luteus (or Boletus luteus). Is widespread in the Isle of Youth of Chile. Grows abundantly still an excellent mycorrhiza. Contributes between 90 to 95% of the volume of exports of edible wild mushrooms (dried or in brine).
- Pink Callampa or feeders, Lactarius deliciosus. Highly prized edible fungus abroad, especially in Catalonia, Spain, where it is considered a fine natural product. The latter two fungi are the most productive in Chile.
- fine Mushroom, Agaricus arvensis Schaeff. Distributed in Europe, Africa, Australia, North America and Chile. In the Santiago area grows in pastures. Rugged and beautiful pure white mushroom, with gloss silk, tufted or solitary or grow in a circle. Height 12 to 14 cm. The hat may be up 21.5 cm in diameter near the base has a thickness of 2.5 cm. White meat, does not change color with the air.
- Callampa , Agaricus campestris L. Wide distribution from central Chile to Magallanes. It grows in fields, pastures and cropland. Mushroom 4 to 9 cm tall, white or whitish.
- Pique , Armillaria mellea (Vahl) Quél. Cosmopolitan, cooked is very tasty, can be dried and stored, juveniles should be preferred. Fungus that reaches about 12 cm tall with a cap of about 7 cm in diameter.
- Loyo , Boletus loyus Espinosa. It is distributed in southern Chile between sheets dead hardwood forests. It is edible, eaten raw meat and cooked. Hongo solitary or gregarious, 6 to 16 cm tall.
- Callampa nebula, Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) Quél. Distributed in Europe, North America, Cameroon, Argentina and Chile. This fungus is very brittle from 8 to 12 cm high, white meat, compact flavor reminiscent of the smell and taste of the starch.
- Collybia velutipes (Curt.) Quél. Dispatched in: Europe, Siberia, USA, Australia, Madagascar, Chile. Hongo 5 to 20 cm in length that grows on the bark snags. It is edible and can be dried and stored.
- Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.) Fr is widespread and is found in Chile near Santiago. Variable in size reaching up to 16 cm in height. It is edible, while in its ovoid shape, and white when the blades are black does not work.
- Coprinus comatus (Müll.) Br Widely distributed in central and southern Iraq. Hongo 10 to 22 cm tall, very white. Edible when white.
- Cyttaria spp. Are distributed in the southern part of South America and New Zealand. All are parasites of the genus Nothofagus Fagaceae.
- Dihueñe of ñirre , Cyttaria darwinii Berk. It is distributed in Chile and Argentina, also known as Tierra del Fuego "ashcinik" (when new), "awacik" (when ripe) and "mmaama" (when old). Betuloides grows on Nothofagus, N. antarctica and N. pumilio.
- Llaullau , dihueñe of coigue, dihueñe of ñirre, Cyttaria harioti Fischer. It is distributed in Chile and Argentina. Grows on: Nothofagus dombeyi, N. betuloides, N. antarctica, N. pumilio, N. nitida.
- Assuim , uaiáca, moldy dihueñe ñirre, Cyttaria hookeri Berk. Distribution in Chile and Argentina. Grows on: Nothofagus antarctica and N. betuloides.
- Dihueñe , dihueño, lihueñe, pinatra, puna, pina, pineapple, curacucha, Cyttaria berteroi Berk. It grows on Nothofagus obliqua and N. glauca.
- Quireñe , quideñe, dihueñe, liueñe, pinatra, Cyttaria espinosae Lloyd. It grows in Chile. On Nothofagus obliqua, N. glauca, N. procera.
- Cow tongue , Fistulina hepatica (Schäff.) Br is distributed in Europe, West Indies, Australia, North America and Chile. Live on live or dead tree trunks Lenga in live oak trees, coigue, evergreen and mania, from Concepcion to Chiloe. Derby hat circular, semicircular or form of language. Reaches up to 20 cm high by 27 cm wide and 6 cm thick. The upper surface is yellow to brown, wrinkled. The meat is white, watery, covered internally with white radial nerves or veins, branched. Can be dried for preservation.
- Mount Chicharrón , Gyromitra esculenta (Pers.) Fr Found in Europe and America. It reaches a height of 9-10 cm, is crisp but somewhat flexible. It is edible cooked in this way removes the acid-containing toxic principle helvélico.
- Lepiota procera (Scop.) Quél. Distribution in Europe, USA, Argentina, Australia, South Africa, West Indies Eastern, and southern Chile. Edible fungus from 12 to 35 cm high white meat.
- Callampa poplar, Pholiota edulis Hennings. It is found in Chile in the rot of poplar trees, common in fall and winter. This fungus has 5 to 28 cm high, is edible, it can be dried and stored.
- Callampa las vegas, Volvaria speciosa (Fr.) Gill. Distributed in Europe, North America, Australia, North Africa, and in the Santiago area. Grass grows between rich and fertile soil. Edible, can be dried for later use. Edible Stems
Few edible stems except in Chile and the leaf, which is most widespread in central Chile, some stems are restricted use.
The main food-producing plants stems are
Nalca , Chilean rhubarb, Gunnera tinctoria (Mol.) Mirb.
Family This plant Gunneracea, is juicy, thick and sturdy root that gives rise to many very broad lobed leaves, veined and rough on both sides. It grows in damp and swampy.
stems are eaten in salads after removing the first crust, the taste is sour, plus there are other lesser known applications of this stem, like making jam, chocolate filling preserved.
Chagual , Puya, Puya Plant
berteroana Mez scaly, which are the remains of fallen leaves. It grows and thrives in dry places. Del chagual
can prepare a sweet edible, eaten in salads in addition to the sweet scape or stalk consists of the tender part of leaves overlapping. It sells for about $ 1.25 U.S. unit, on a limited basis, in central markets. Penca
, penquero thistle, Cynara cardunculus L. Grass
originally from Spain, introduced in Chile around 1830 to 1840, now widespread among Coquimbo and cloudy. Perennial, robust, the petiole of the leaves are peeled and eaten as salad. Is found in almost all markets of the central region.
0 comments:
Post a Comment