The fruit of machinery (chilensis) containing dyes that are used as a dye in tissues Mapuche and dyeing of wines (Pinto, 1978, cited by Poblete, P. 1997). Contains high concentrations of anthocyanin pigments, which are responsible of the purple pigment, constituting the raw material for making organic food coloring, highly demanded by European markets (Silva and Bittner, 1992, Diaz et al., 1984, cited by Poblete, P. 1997).
Maqui The first recorded export of formal statistics, we performed in 1996 a total of 10 tons. The following years have continuously exported in quantities reaching 300 tons in 2000. However, no specific statistical records of these transactions, since the product was exported under another name, such as concentrated juices, fruit pulp, frozen fruits, nuts unspecified etc.
The fate of the demand since exports began, but according to Arribillaga, D. and Zegers, MT (1998) were exported to Germany, about 90,000 kg of Maqui in 1997.
Maqui The first recorded export of formal statistics, we performed in 1996 a total of 10 tons. The following years have continuously exported in quantities reaching 300 tons in 2000. However, no specific statistical records of these transactions, since the product was exported under another name, such as concentrated juices, fruit pulp, frozen fruits, nuts unspecified etc.
The fate of the demand since exports began, but according to Arribillaga, D. and Zegers, MT (1998) were exported to Germany, about 90,000 kg of Maqui in 1997.
On the other hand, the absence of information concerning the destination of exports Amounts in U.S. $ and volumes due to a business strategy used by agents, buyers and exporters to prevent the entry of competitors into the market.
As mentioned above the characteristics of these plants usually make it easy to use or application in simple preparations, which are generally used by hand, but in this respect the traditional use can not constitute by itself a sound economy for communities.
is why studies have tended to find alternative uses of these plants in order to find more massive use applications, which in turn generate a stable trade formal and contribute to the economy of rural communities and involved the collection processes are of great importance as well as scarcity.
The initiative, which diversified the company to make commercial dairy cattle and Coyhaique Mañihuales Limited, won the co-financing of more than 40% of the overall cost by CORFO, through the National Fund for Technological and Productive Development , Fontec.
The objective was to develop a new product from obtaining a purified concentrate of the fruit of machinery that was stable, with high color strength and competitive in the market of food coloring
The project-driven company and dairy cattle Limited Commercial Coyhaique Mañihuales also considered research and design the extraction and purification processes required for a pigment that won a place in the market, as well as analyze their chemical properties. Thus it was possible to obtain a concentrate of "anthocyanins (red natural dyes), which was processed on a large scale in an initial production of 10 tonnes available for export. To complete the analysis, we study the stability of purified natural dye pigment of machinery, its data sheet was prepared and characterized it to obtain authorization necessary for export as a natural colorant to the European market.
The supply of machinery fruit for sale at the local level is very low, is limited to offering for free markets during the ripening season and is sold in bulk, the price ranges from $ 200 to $ 500 to 100 grs.
In 1997 an amount of harvesting and marketing of approximately 90,000 pounds of machinery, which were processed and sent to Germany in an amount equivalent to 20,000 kg of concentrate (Arribillaga, 1998). The purchase price of raw materials fluctuated between $ 500 to $ 700 per kilo.
The approximate area of \u200b\u200bmachinery in Chile from Region IV to XI is 170,000 hectares. This figure was determined from the Forest Cadastre (CONAF-CONAMA-BIRF, 1997), which was considered the presence of machinery according to its dominance in the forest, recorded the area occupied by machinery for the first, second and third dominance.
According to studies conducted during the project crop field trials in natural formations of machinery in the VIII, IX and X regions, yielded production rates for fully occupied sites and sites with machinery machinery present in second stratum. The resulting productions range from 160 to 280 kg of fresh fruit per hectare. Along with this production was calculated average per tree, for individuals from 5 to 7 years old in a range from 170 to 430 grams of fresh fruit per tree.
whereas an average of 220 kg / ha along with the estimated area of \u200b\u200b170,000 ha of machinery from the IV to XI region, has a potential production of 37,400 tonnes of fresh fruit per year. Pulp
From the background that have identified two companies that have worked intermittently pulp production machinery, which is sold abroad as raw material and other inputs.
The companies that have engaged in this production is for commercial Soc Mañihuales in Region XI Lanco CRAN and Chile in the X region. Unknown specific volumes of pulp machinery that have been marketed, since export logs an item appears in general difficult to identify.
The export price of pulp ranges from 4 to 7 U.S. $ / Kg
Maqui as natural coloring
According to a study by the Society Mañihuales Ltda, provides that the quality of the concentrate of machinery as a natural coloring is the same level as that of anthocyanin dyes on the market today. This opens the possibility of selling the machinery as a natural coloring and not as pulp.
Samples dye market compared them coloring machinery are priced between U.S. $ 15/kg and U.S. $ 79/Kg, values \u200b\u200bwell above those that can choose a fruit juice of 4-7 U.S. $ / Kg .
The extraction of natural dye through a particular process, optimized to characterize and evaluate the product with its competitors, in that sense it was determined that the natural dye from the machinery has higher values \u200b\u200bforce the natural coloring Color aronia commercial, red carrots, cherry and elderberry. Also, the natural coloring of machinery has similar properties to natural colors, black currant and black carrot. Table 2 shows the characterization natural dye machinery. Offer
natural dyes World
According to data provided by the office of ProChile, world exports in 2002 were $ 331 million. This year were exported to the world a total of 48,389 tons of dyestuffs plant.
The world's leading suppliers were Spain, Germany, Denmark and China. These countries had a market share equivalent to 40%. Spain contributed to supplying the world market 15%, Germany 8.4%, Denmark 8.3% and China with 8.2%
The average export price was 6.86 U.S. $ / kilo dye, with a minimum of 0.43 U.S. $ / kilo and a maximum of 87.39 U.S. $ / kilo. This price range would be explained by a high variety of products as worldwide availability, applied technology, complexity of production processes, etc..
Chilean exports.
The Chilean exports of dyestuffs of plant or animal origin in 2003 amounted to 1.59 billion
The average price was at least the year 2002 reached $ 5.87 a kilo, the year that exported the largest volume reaching a peak of 300 tonnes (Table 3). Instead the years 1997 and 1999, export volumes were 66 registered and 58 tons with an average price of 25.37 and $ 27.23 per kilo respectively.
national exporting companies of natural dyes in 2003 totaled a number of eleven companies. Among them highlighted the case of SA Foodsafe company covering 40% of exports of this product. He follows the company colors Chile SA with 34% of shipments.
Main destinations of Chilean exports
were counted a total of 35 destination markets for Chilean exports in 2003. The main destinations of exports from Chile during the year were Germany and Mexico. Markets accounted for 39% of the income earned by foreign exports. This participation is significant considering that in relation to the total volumes exported, these two markets alone accounted for 1.9% of Chilean exports that year.
Other important export markets were Argentina, Brazil and the United States. Markets in addition to the above accounted for 65% of total revenue collected. Demand
In 2002 imports totaled global natural colors $ 420 million, registering a total of 132 countries involved in imports coloring materials of vegetable or animal.
Import volumes in 2002 reached 66,238 tons. Of the 132 markets registered as importers of this product, 50% of demand is concentrated in only seven countries. Standing demand from Japan which accounted for 12.3% of the global amounts generated that year. In second place is the U.S. with a 10.8% share of global demand and Germany with 8.8% share
Within the average annual prices resulting from international trade imports from countries with over one million dollars, highlights the import price Registered by Switzerland and Liechtenstein with a value of $ 215 per kilo of product. This value is exceptional to note that the global average import price was around $ 6.35 the kilo. Except for this case, we have one of the highest prices of imports from Nigeria are $ 28.88 per kilo, Ireland $ 18.09 per kilo and South Korea $ 15.79 per kilo.
0 comments:
Post a Comment